MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) SAMPLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE

O. Umarova; R. Kurbonova; U. Jumanov; Sh. Payanov

Authors

O. Umarova Gulistan State University Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops, Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station
R. Kurbonova Gulistan State University Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops, Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station
U. Jumanov Gulistan State University Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops, Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station
Sh. Payanov Gulistan State University Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops, Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station

Keywords:

Keywords: durum wheat, Triticum durum, cold stress, temperature, photosynthetic productivity, transpiration, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll, carotenoids, cold tolerance, breeding lines, morphophysiological characteristics.

Abstract

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of temperature changes during the autumn–winter growing season on the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of the winter durum wheat cultivar Makuz and the KGU-561 breeding line. According to the results, decreasing temperature significantly reduced plant height, root length, leaf area, net photosynthetic productivity, and transpiration intensity. From October to December, net photosynthetic productivity decreased from 0.55 g m⁻² day⁻¹ to 0.02 g m⁻² day⁻¹. At the same time, under the influence of cold stress, the content of soluble carbohydrates in leaves increased, reaching 28.9% in the Makuz cultivar and 27.8% in the KGU-561 line in December. Spectrophotometric analyses revealed that decreasing temperature reduced the contents of chlorophyll “a” and chlorophyll “b”, while the content of carotenoids increased. The Makuz cultivar exhibited higher morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics compared with the KGU-561 line. The obtained results showed that the Makuz cultivar was more tolerant to cold stress, whereas the KGU-561 line was more sensitive to low-temperature conditions. The findings are important for evaluating cold tolerance in durum wheat genotypes and selecting promising breeding materials.

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