Multidisciplinary and Multidimensional Journal
Multidisciplinary and Multidimensional Journal (MMJ) har oyda chop etiladigan xalqaro onlayn jurnal. MMJ raqamli kutubxonasi uchun ISSN ISSN: 2775-5118 (Onlayn) MMJ - bu kimyo, biologiya, atrof-muhit fanlari, informatika, muhandislik, sotsiologiya psixologiyasi, antropologiya, iqtisod, matematika, nevrologiya, tibbiyot, astronomiya, geologiya, geografiya, ta'lim, siyosat, tilshunoslikning turli sohalaridagi keng o'quvchilar ommasini qiziqtiradigan mavzularni yorituvchi juda tanlangan jurnal. dalalar. MMJ tadqiqot ko'nikmalarini mustahkamlash va akademik martaba oshirishga qaratilgan ko'plab afzalliklarga ega. Jurnal nashrlari akademik martaba ko'tarilishining muhim qismidir. MMJ Authorning qog'oz nashrlarga xos afzalliklari: Oson va tezkor qog'oz nashr qilish jarayoni. Bizda dunyoning mashhur universitetlaridan nufuzli akademik jurnal sharhlovchilari jamoasi bor. Maqolalaringizni yuqori ko'rinish va targ'ib qilish uchun ochiq kirish jurnali ma'lumotlar bazasi. "MMJ" nufuzli muharrirlar kengashi tomonidan boshqariladi va ko'plab taniqli universitetlar, kollejlar va korporatsiyalar vakili bo'lgan taniqli shaxslardan iborat xalqaro ko'rib chiqish kengashi tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi. Indoneziya, AQSh, Buyuk Britaniya, Avstraliya, Kanada, Yaponiya, Xitoy, Hindiston, Yaqin Sharq va boshqalar. Yuqori sifatli jurnalni saqlash uchun MMJ Maqolalari bo'limida paydo bo'ladigan qo'lyozmalar qattiq ko'rib chiqish jarayonidan o'tkazildi. Bunga xalqaro muharrirlar kengashining bir yoki bir nechta a'zolari tomonidan ko'r-ko'rona sharhlar, so'ngra MMJ muharrirlari tomonidan batafsil ko'rib chiqish kiradi. Biz mualliflarimizga ko'p tarmoqli tadqiqotning barcha turli sohalarida rivojlanishga yordam beramiz.
THE CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF FIGURATIVE THINKING IN THE HUMAN MIND
This article demonstrates that no matter how deep and extensive research dedicated to studying the human being may be, the phenomena of thinking, understanding, speech, imagination, and fantasy always possess an individual nature and therefore remain research objects with no clear boundaries.
INTEGRATING AI-SUPPORTED INQUIRY AND SIMULATION IN PHENOBL PROJECTS
This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in phenomenon-based learning (PhenoBL) projects, focusing on inquiry-based approaches and simulation technologies. It highlights how AI can support data analysis, model complex phenomena, enhance student engagement, and provide personalized learning experiences. The study examines contemporary pedagogical practices, addresses classroom implementation challenges, and offers recommendations for effectively combining AI-supported inquiry and simulation in interdisciplinary learning projects.
“FARHAD AND SHIRIN” – A SUFI POEM IN ALISHER NAVOIY’S KHAMSA
Farhad and Shirin is the second poem in the great thinker and poet Alisher Navoiy's Khamsa, completed in 1484. Before Navoiy, this work was widely known in the form of Khosrow and Shirin. The hero on whom the legend is based, Khosrow Parvez, was in fact a historical figure; he ascended the throne of Iran in 590 AD and in 628 was killed by his son Sheruya. According to the Navoi scholar Dilnavoz Yusupova, his love for Shirin—an Aramean or Armenian girl—is recorded in many historical sources. In particular, Navoiy himself provides information about Khosrow Parvez in the section dedicated to the history of the Sasanids in his work Tarixi muluki Ajam. However, in literary tradition, the story of Khosrow and Shirin was first mentioned by Firdausi in his epic Shahnameh. Later, the Azerbaijani thinker Nizami Ganjavi turned it into a separate romantic-adventurous poem. His Khosrow and Shirin was translated into Turkic by Qutb Khorezmi in 1340.
НЕЛОКАЛЬНЫЕ КРАЕВЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ ДЛЯ УРАВНЕНИЯ ТРЕТЬЕГО ПОРЯДКА СМЕШАННОГО-СОСТАВНОГО ТИПА
В односвязной области , ограниченной гладкой линией , опирающейся на точки и расположенной в четверти плоскости и отрезками прямых соответственно, где точки с координатами рассматриваются уравнения
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TOURISM SERVICES DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF ZAMINA
This article analyzes the tourist potential of the Zamin district, the state of the existing infrastructure and service system, and develops practical proposals for improving the efficiency of tourism services. During the study, the natural and recreational resources, cultural heritage and economic potential of the region were studied. Also, the possibilities of creating modern infrastructure, developing the quality of service and human capital, strengthening digital marketing strategies and creating new tourist products were substantiated. As a result, it is emphasized that the development of tourism in the Zamin district can have a significant positive impact on the regional economy and the level of employment of the population.
МЕТОДИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭМПАТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ У БУДУЩИХ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ НА ОСНОВЕ АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ
В данной статье рассматриваются сущность и роль эмпатии в профессиональной деятельности военнослужащих, а также эффективность образовательных методов основанных на эмпатию и формирование ценностей межэтнического согласия и толерантности.
СПЕЦИФИКА, РАЗЛИЧИЯ И СХОДСТВА ПРИКЛЮЧЕНЧЕСКОГО, ДЕТЕКТИВНОГО И ПРИКЛЮЧЕНЧЕСКО-ДЕТЕКТИВНОГО ЖАНРОВ В ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ: ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ И УЗБЕКСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТЫ
Статья посвящена анализу специфики, различий и сходств приключенческого, детективного и приключенческо-детективного жанров в литературе, с учетом глобального и узбекского контекстов. На основе систематического обзора теоретических источников и литературных примеров рассмотрены историческое развитие, дефиниции, характеристики, а также культурные аспекты этих жанров. Особое внимание уделено вкладу узбекских писателей, таких как Абдулла Кадири, Одил Якубов и Тохир Малик, в адаптацию жанров к локальным реалиям. Результаты подчеркивают роль гибридных форм в отражении социальных изменений и предлагают рекомендации для дальнейших исследований.
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ И ПРОСТРАНСТВО В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ДИККЕНСА ‘ОЛИВЕР ТВИСТ’ И ГУЛЯМА ‘ОЗОРНИК’ (‘ШУМ БОЛА’)
В статье проводится углубленный сравнительный анализ проблемы художественного пространства и времени (хронотопа в терминологии М.М. Бахтина) в романе Чарльза Диккенса «Приключения Оливера Твиста» (1838) и повести Гафура Гуляма «Шум бола» (1936, редакция 1962). Оба произведения посвящены судьбе мальчика-сироты, вынужденного скитаться в жестоком социальном мире и противостоять эксплуатации и несправедливости. Автор подробно исследует основные пространственные локусы (город и базар, село и махалля, дорога и природа), модели художественного времени (линейное, циклическое, эпизодическое), символику перемещений героев, а также влияние хронотопа на формирование образов, сюжетную динамику, социальную критику и нравственно-философскую проблематику. Исследование выявляет типологические сходства – мотив детских скитаний как пути взросления, обличение эксплуатации ребенка, утверждение гуманистических идеалов – и глубокие различия, обусловленные историко-культурным контекстом: трагический критический реализм викторианской Англии у Диккенса и юмористически-плутовской стиль с ярким национальным колоритом дореволюционного Узбекистана у Гуляма. Анализ демонстрирует универсальность категории хронотопа как инструмента социальной критики в литературах разных эпох и культур.
GREEN ECONOMY IN CENTRAL ASIA: BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Central Asia has escalating environmental challenges, including water scarcity, soil degradation, and air pollution, which jeopardize the region's long-term economic stability and social welfare. This essay examines the region's transition to a green economy, emphasizing the strategic importance of inclusive development, circular economy models, and renewable energy sources. It analyses national initiatives, including Kazakhstan's Green Economy Concept and Uzbekistan's efforts to advance renewable energy, while emphasizing the significance of regional cooperation platforms, such as CAREC and IFAS, in facilitating environmental governance across borders. Obstacles persist, notwithstanding the beneficial improvements made. These impediments encompass disjointed policies, insufficient funding, and limited technological proficiency. The article posits that sustainable growth in Central Asia can be attained through coordinated efforts, investments in eco-friendly infrastructure, and the empowerment of local communities. By harmonizing environmental sustainability with economic resilience, Central Asia may redefine its development path and position itself as a model for inclusive, low-carbon growth.
METHODOLOGY OF USING FOLK GAMES IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION PROCESS
This article explains the methodology and technologies of using folk games in the process of primary education. It also highlights the role of folk games in physical education classes and demonstrates the effectiveness of their use. Based on the research, relevant practical recommendations have been provided.
USING CLIL APPROACH TO STRENGTHEN LEGAL ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS IN LAW STUDENTS
This article explores the use of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approaches to enhance legal academic writing skills among law students. CLIL, which combines subject knowledge with language development, offers a dual-focus framework particularly effective in legal education, where precision and clarity are essential. By integrating legal content with structured language instruction, students improve not only their subject-specific knowledge but also their ability to produce coherent, persuasive, and academically rigorous texts. The paper highlights practical strategies for implementing CLIL in legal writing courses, addressing challenges, and evaluating its impact on student performance and professional readiness.
CURRENT ISSUES OF MANAGING THE EXPENSES OF THE ROAD FUND OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
All over the world, the management of road fund expenditures is carried out simultaneously with state budget expenditures. Today, in the context of global economic globalization, taking into account the free movement of goods and people, the need to improve road infrastructure is increasing. This requires high-quality management in the construction, reconstruction and maintenance of new roads. To finance these costs, it is necessary to collect payments from road users in a timely manner and pool funds in a centralized manner. In order to solve the problem of sustainable financing, the establishment of road funds is widespread in world practice. Such funds are usually formed at the expense of fees paid by road users, taxes and targeted revenues and provide continuous and targeted financing of the road sector. This study, based on international experience, shows the current state and promising directions of the road fund in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and also develops relevant proposals and recommendations.
В статье рассматриваются сложные взаимосвязи между языком и медициной как двумя фундаментальными областями человеческой деятельности. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам межкультурной коммуникации в здравоохранении, лингвистическим барьерам в системе «врач-пациент» и значению языковой компетентности медицинских работников. Статья также освещает современные тенденции в развитии медицинской лингвистики и ее практическое применение в клинической практике.
THERMAL TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the existing opportunities, regional resources and development prospects of thermal tourism in Uzbekistan. During the study, the republic's natural hot water sources, mineral-rich springs and the opportunities for developing health tourism based on them were studied. The issues of regional infrastructure, quality of services, marketing and sustainable development were also considered. The results of the study show that the development of thermal tourism not only has a positive impact on the regional economy and employment of the local population, but also allows Uzbekistan to become an internationally competitive health tourism center.
ВОДЯНОЙ ПЕРЕЦ (PERSICARIA HYDROPIPER L.) – БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ, ЛЕЧЕБНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В НАРОДНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ
В данной статье автором представлены сведения о растении Водяной перец (Persicaria hydropiper L) на основе имеющейся научной литературы, в том числе о пользе продуктов из этого растения для здоровья и его целебных свойствах, результатах лабораторных исследований, лекарственных особенностях, применении в народной медицине, а также о его биологическом значении.
COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH
This article explores how assertive speech acts function in Uzbek and English, focusing on their cognitive and social roles. Assertive acts are essential in communication as they allow speakers to convey information, express beliefs, and influence understanding. By comparing these acts across the two languages, the article highlights linguistic strategies, cultural influences, and cognitive processes involved in their production and interpretation.
THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE LOAD IN ADULT SECOND LANGUAGE PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Phonological acquisition in adulthood presents a distinct constellation of cognitive challenges, often shaped by intrinsic limitations of working memory, attentional control, and overall cognitive load. This article explores how cognitive load interacts with the processes through which adult learners perceive, store, and produce phonological features in a second language (L2). Drawing on contemporary psycholinguistics, cognitive science, and second language acquisition research, the study argues that adult phonological development is not merely constrained by biological maturation but, more importantly, by how cognitive resources are distributed during learning. The article highlights the interplay between declarative and procedural memory systems, the impact of attentional bottlenecks on segmental and suprasegmental processing, and the role of explicit instruction in reducing perceptual strain. It concludes by proposing pedagogical strategies designed to reduce cognitive load, enhance phonological processing, and support more efficient L2 sound system acquisition among adults
PRОBLЕMS ОF PRЕSЕRVING PОЕTIC TОNЕ IN THЕ TRАNSLАTIОN ОF АBDULLА ОRIPОV’S LYRICS
Thе prеsеnt rеsеаrch invеstigаtеs thе cоmplеx issuе оf prеsеrving pоеtic tоnе in thе Еnglish trаnslаtiоn оf Аbdullа Оripоv’s lyricаl pоеtry. Pоеtic tоnе in Оripоv’s wоrks is shаpеd by sеvеrаl intеrtwinеd cоmpоnеnts: phоnеtic еxprеssivеnеss, rhythmic symmеtry, symbоlic imаgеry, еmоtiоnаlly chаrgеd vоcаbulаry, nаtiоnаl culturаl rеfеrеncеs, аnd philоsоphicаl dеpth. Trаnslаting thеsе fеаturеs intо Еnglish pоsеs significаnt chаllеngеs duе tо diffеrеncеs in linguistic structurе, rhythmic оrgаnizаtiоn, sеmаntic nuаncе, аnd culturаl cоncеptuаlizаtiоn. This аrticlе аnаlyzеs thе mаin sоurcеs оf thеsе chаllеngеs аnd discussеs hоw pоеtic tоnе bеcоmеs аltеrеd, rеducеd, оr trаnsfоrmеd during trаnslаtiоn. Thе pаpеr аlsо highlights thе dеlicаtе dеcisiоns trаnslаtоrs must mаkе whеn аttеmpting tо mаintаin fidеlity tо bоth mеаning аnd аеsthеtic intеgrity.
THE INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE LOAD ON DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES DURING REAL-TIME TRANSLATION
This аrticlе invеstigаtеs thе rеlаtiоnship bеtwееn cоgnitivе lоаd аnd dеcisiоn-mаking prоcеssеs in rеаl-timе trаnslаtiоn, with а pаrticulаr fоcus оn simultаnеоus intеrprеting аnd livе subtitling. Drаwing frоm cоgnitivе psychоlоgy, trаnslаtiоn studiеs, аnd nеurоcоgnitivе linguistics, it ехplоrеs hоw trаnslаtоrs mаnаgе limitеd wоrking mеmоry rеsоurcеs, timе prеssurе, аnd linguistic аmbiguity whilе mаintаining аccurаcy аnd cоhеrеncе. Thе study аnаlyzеs ехisting thеоrеticаl frаmеwоrks such аs Gilе’s Еffоrt Mоdеl аnd Kаhnеmаn’s Duаl-Prоcеss Thеоry, аs wеll аs еmpiricаl findings frоm еyе-trаcking, ЕЕG, аnd fMRI studiеs. Prаcticаl implicаtiоns fоr trаnslаtоr trаining аnd cоgnitivе оptimizаtiоn strаtеgiеs аrе discussеd.
THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE TEMPORARY LOAN CONTRACT OF AN ATHLETE: A POINT OF INTERSECTION BETWEEN CIVIL LAW AND LABOR LAW
The article analyzes the legal issues related to the regulation of temporary loan agreements for professional athletes under the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the legal acts governing these relations, as well as the contractual conditions agreed upon by the parties when a professional athlete is loaned to another sports organization. It is emphasized that the loan agreement of an athlete, similar to a transfer agreement, has a complex legal nature, combining elements of both civil law and labor law.
BUSINESS EXPANSION: STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES, AND THE DYNAMICS OF MODERN GROWTH
Business expansion has become one of the core strategic priorities for modern enterprises navigating competitive, technology-driven markets. The contemporary landscape demands that organizations go beyond traditional growth patterns and embrace innovative models based on digital transformation, customer-centric design, and global scalability. This article explores the essence of business expansion, its structural components, the psychological and economic factors guiding decisions, and the real challenges that companies face along the way. The discussion integrates practical examples from global industries, emerging trends, and forward-looking strategies that reflect how organizations can sustain growth in an unpredictable economic environment. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of adaptability, risk management, and cultural transformation as key drivers of long-term expansion success
Ergasheva Dildora Rafiqovna Davronova Kamola Xolmatovna
ENHANCING GEOGRAPHY LESSONS THROUGH DIGITAL AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
The rapid digital transformation of contemporary education has profoundly reshaped the ways geography can be taught and learned. This article examines the pedagogical significance of integrating digital and mobile technologies into secondary school geography lessons, building upon the theoretical and practical insights of Walshe and Healy (2020), de Miguel González and Rivero Gracia (2018), France et al. (2015), and the 2025 framework on digital fieldwork enhancement. Drawing on these works, the article argues that digital tools—such as geospatial technologies, mobile applications, and virtual fieldwork platforms—support deeper conceptual understanding, enhance spatial thinking, and strengthen the link between theory and practice. Practical implications for teachers in Uzbekistan, particularly in G‘uzor district, are provided to demonstrate how digital solutions can enhance curriculum delivery in resource-constrained environments.
Abdurakhmonova Fazilat Utkirovna, Utaganova Mukhlisa Uralovna, Khamidova Zarnigor Ilyos qizi
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING THROUGH THE LANDSCAPE GENRE
This article covers the issues of developing students' creative thinking skills through the landscape genre in visual arts classes in secondary schools. The educational, educational and developmental significance of the landscape genre, methodological recommendations on the formation of aesthetic taste in students, their orientation to observing, analyzing nature and finding original visual solutions are given. The effectiveness of using modern pedagogical technologies and the role of a creative approach in the formation of the student's individuality are also analyzed.
FINANCIAL REPORTING UNDER INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS: KEY FEATURES OF PREPARING THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
This article examines the core principles, structural requirements, and practical considerations involved in preparing the Statement of Financial Results (also known as the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income) under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). While national regulations often shape how companies present their financial outcomes, IFRS provides a globally accepted framework that ensures transparency, comparability, and consistency across jurisdictions. The paper discusses recognition and measurement rules, revenue reporting, treatment of expenses, presentation of comprehensive income, and challenges organizations face when transitioning to or applying IFRS. Real-world examples and analytical explanations highlight how IFRS-based reporting influences managerial decisions, investor confidence, and long-term financial strategy.
WOMEN AND LEADERSHIP TRENDS IN UZBEKISTAN: THE IMPACT OF REFORMS AND TARGETED PROGRAMS
This article analyzes Uzbekistan’s recent gender equality policies, state programs aimed at supporting women’s leadership, the effectiveness of ongoing reforms, and the participation of women in socio-political processes. The research examines, on a scientific basis, the increasing activity of women in the country and strategic initiatives directed at strengthening their role in public administration, business, education, and civil society. The analysis employs statistical data, international rankings, normative-legal documents, and comparative assessments of practical outcomes. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges in the development of gender equality, as well as future tasks and directions for improvement.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANUSHTIGINID–KHWAREZM SHAH ERA SCHOLARS’ HERITAGE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT
The article provides a scholarly justification of the influence exerted by the intellectual heritage of scholars of the Anushtiginid–Khwarezm Shah period on the development of socio-philosophical thought. The social-aesthetic, political, and economic orientations of the youth of the Third Renaissance, as reflected in present-day approaches, should—above all—remain grounded in devotion to the heritage and traditions of our ancestors, love for the Motherland, spirituality, and the pursuit of enlightenment. In order to prevent these values from being overshadowed, it is essential to effectively utilize methods and means of cultivating in young people such qualities as respect for elders, attentiveness, prudence, faithfulness, patriotism, loyalty to the Homeland, and dedication. This is a requirement of the times for nurturing the devoted youth of the Renewing Uzbekistan.
JADID VIEWS ON EDUCATION AND IDEAS AIMED AT DEVELOPING CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS
This article provides a scientifically substantiated account of the Jadidists' views on education and their ideas aimed at shaping creative individuals. They criticized existing old-style schools and madrassas and sought to create a new, modern education system based on knowledge. The Jadids viewed education as a means of social reform, a force awakening the people and leading the nation to development.
BACTERIAL GROWTH CONDITIONS AND GROWTH PHASES
This article highlights the key ecological factors necessary for bacterial growth and the stages observed during their reproduction. The effects of temperature, pH, moisture, oxygen requirements, and nutrients on bacterial growth are analyzed scientifically. In addition, the growth phases observed under laboratory conditions — lag phase, log (exponential) phase, stationary phase, and death phase — are explained in terms of physiological state, metabolic activity, and adaptation to the external environment. This topic provides an essential theoretical basis for cultivating bacteria in medical microbiology, combating them, and organizing proper disinfection and sterilization processes.
ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКА И КУЛЬТУРЫ КАК ЕДИНОЕ ЦЕЛОЕ
В данной статье рассматриваются сущность и предназначение языка и культуры, а также их роль в коммуникации и человеческом общении. Особое внимание уделено взаимосвязи языка и культуры как неотъемлемых элементов духовного и материального развития общества.
SYMBIOSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE: A FOUNDATIONAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPING DIGITAL COMPETENCIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Purpose: This article scientifically analyzes the theoretical and practical convergence of Mathematics and Computer Science (Information Technology) within the contemporary educational framework, substantiating their pivotal role in cultivating digital competencies among students, and elucidating the benefits of an integrated pedagogical approach. Methodology: The research employs analytical and synthetic methods to demonstrate how foundational mathematical concepts—including discrete structures, linear algebra, and formal logic—serve as the indispensable theoretical substrate for applied fields in Computer Science, such as algorithm theory, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and data analysis. Furthermore, the efficiency of ICT tools in expediting and enhancing the solution of complex mathematical problems is explored. Key Findings: A profound symbiotic relationship exists between these two disciplines, where mathematical rigor provides the framework for algorithmic design, and computational power enables the empirical validation and application of complex mathematical models (e.g., numerical methods).
Kurbanova Mahliyo, Hamrayeva Nodira U. Uvatov
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN INCREASING THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION
This article identifies the role of social networks in increasing the financial literacy of the population. The study is based on theoretical views put forward by the OECD, the World Bank and other international organizations, as well as methodological approaches of scientists such as Lusardi and Mitchell (2014), Potrich et al. (2016). Empirical data collected on the basis of a questionnaire with the participation of 234 respondents were processed using descriptive and correlational analysis methods, and the relationships between the components of financial knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the population and external determinants - social networks and peer influence - were identified. The results showed that although young and middle-aged people are active in financial decisions, the culture of savings and planning is not sufficiently formed, and the participation of women is relatively low. Although there is widespread use of mobile banking and digital services, they are cautious in accepting financial advice on social networks. The article concludes with suggestions for expanding financial education programs, promoting a savings culture, and supporting the creation of content based on official sources on social media.
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF POLITICAL STRATEGIC PLANNING IN ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY
This article analyzes the role and significance of political strategic planning in ensuring national security. The directions of improving the strategic planning system in modern public administration, its theoretical and methodological foundations are studied. The mechanisms of protecting national interests in the conditions of globalization and geopolitical competition, the essence and principles of political strategic planning are explained. Also, scientifically based conclusions and proposals are given on the priority directions of improving the political strategic planning system in Uzbekistan.
ФОРМА И МЕТОДИКА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО УЧЕБНОГО ПРОЦЕССА
данная статья посвящается методике реализации учебного процесса в высших учебных заведениях. Она направлена на достижение определенных образовательных целей. Перед системой высшего образования стоят новые цели и задачи для совершенствования методики преподавания. Это даёт возможность комплексно решить вопросы кадрового и педагогического потенциала
CONTENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
this scientific article covers a wide range of psychological and pedagogical foundations for the development of creative abilities of Primary School students, factors affecting the formation of creative thinking, methodological approaches of the teacher and the possibilities of supporting creativity through modern pedagogical technologies.
METHODOLOGY FOR SHAPING THE CREATIVE IMAGINATION OF STUDENTS OF A SMALL SCHOOL AGE THROUGH DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES
this article will cover the methodology for shaping the creative imagination of students of a small school age through design technologies. Through the use of Design Thinking (design thinking) steps, the study is based on the methodology of forming students ' skills to identify a problem, create an idea, prototype development and provide a creative solution. This methodology serves to develop technological competencies in students, engage in creative activities and support independent creative research.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ELASTICITY OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS
In the study, the elasticity of customs payments is examined as an important indicator reflecting the responsiveness of fiscal revenues to changes in economic and institutional conditions. The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyze the key factors influencing the elasticity of customs payments in the context of modern economic development and trade liberalization. The research employs a comprehensive methodological framework that includes econometric modeling, correlation–regression analysis, and comparative analysis based on time-series and cross-sectional data. Particular attention is paid to macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product growth, import volume dynamics, exchange rate fluctuations, and inflation, as well as institutional and policy-related factors including customs tariff rates, non-tariff regulation measures, administrative efficiency of customs authorities, and the level of digitalization in customs administration. The study also considers external factors such as global trade conditions and changes in international commodity prices. The results demonstrate that the elasticity of customs payments is significantly affected not only by traditional economic variables but also by the quality of customs administration and regulatory stability. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of customs revenue formation and provide practical implications for improving customs and fiscal policy aimed at ensuring sustainable public revenue growth and enhancing the effectiveness of foreign trade regulation.
PROCESSES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN UZBEKISTAN: GENERAL TRENDS AND SPECIFIC FEATURES
The new independent countries that appeared after the Soviet Union are experiencing both similar and unique changes in how society is divided into groups. As market reforms continue, these social divisions are becoming deeper. By comparing different theories, the author describes nine main types of stratification systems and explains their historical roots. The article briefly shows what is special about each type. It also focuses on how Uzbek society is divided into groups with different social status levels.
PROCEDURAL BASIS OF DETENTION IN PRISON: ANALYSIS OF UZBEK LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
The article thoroughly analyzes the legal essence of the institution of detention in pre-trial detention facilities, its impact on constitutional freedom, and its role in ensuring public safety. Article 221 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Uzbekistan is assessed as the main legal mechanism indicating that detention should be based on factual circumstances, limited by specific normative criteria, and applied through a three-stage procedural filter. The article reveals the functional significance of procedural guarantees in protecting human rights, such as the requirements for documenting detention protocols, hiring a lawyer, and notifying relatives
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ЛИСТОВАЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ У СОРТОВ PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.
Зеленая (Стручковая) фасоль (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) – однолетняя бобовая культура семейства бобовых (Fabaceae), возделываемая практически во всех регионах мира [1,2]. Стручковая фасоль – третья по значимости бобовая продовольственная культура в мире после сои (Glycine max L.) и арахиса (Arachis hypogea L.) [3]. Потребление стручковой фасоли в свежем, сушеном или переработанном виде значительно возросло в последние годы. Это обусловлено высокой пищевой ценностью фасоли, простотой технологии выращивания, длительным сроком хранения и широким применением в кулинарии
This article examines the dangers of consuming energy drinks. Special attention is given to high caffeine content, excess sugar and their health effects. Cardiovascular risks and possible metabolic and electrolyte imbalances are also discussed. Aspects of the effects of energy drinks on mental health and sleep are also being analyzed. The article provides guidelines for conscious consumption and emphasizes the importance of education and public awareness of potential risks to ensure consumer health safety. The purpose of energy drink risk studies is to identify and analyze the risks and effects these drinks may have on human health. The study aimed to examine concerns such as high levels of caffeine, excess sugar, cardiovascular effects, possible metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, mental health and sleep effects. The main goal is to provide evidence-based information to encourage the conscious consumption of energy drinks and to increase public awareness of the potential risks to the health and well-being of consumers.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE COUNTERFEIT ENERGY DRINK MARKET
Gulomova Sitora Shuxratovna Nabiyeva Muazzam Mahammad qizi,
THE IMPORTANCE OF 4C SKILLS IN MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
The rapid transformation of education in the twenty-first century has significantly reshaped expectations of teaching and learning, particularly in the field of English language education. Traditional teacher-centered approaches focused on memorization and grammatical accuracy are increasingly insufficient in preparing learners for complex global communication and problem-solving demands. In response to these changes, the framework of 4C skills—Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity—has emerged as a central component of modern educational discourse. This theoretical article explores the importance of 4C skills in contemporary English language teaching by analyzing their conceptual foundations and pedagogical relevance. Drawing on international educational frameworks and scholarly literature, the study discusses how each component of the 4C framework contributes to effective language instruction and meaningful learner engagement. The paper argues that integrating 4C skills into English language teaching enhances instructional quality, supports learner-centered pedagogy, and prepares learners for academic, professional, and social participation in a globalized world. The findings highlight the necessity of embedding 4C-oriented practices into teaching methodologies to meet the evolving demands of modern education.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING CREATIVE POTENTIAL AMONG YOUTH
This article scientifically substantiates the opportunities for developing creative potential among young people. The paper analyzes the socio-pedagogical conditions and possibilities for enhancing youth creativity. In modern society, innovative thinking, independent reasoning, and creative approaches are increasingly recognized as key factors ensuring the competitiveness of the younger generation. The study highlights the role of interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, the use of information and communication technologies, and informal educational environments in the educational process. In addition, the cooperation between families, educational institutions, and civil society organizations is justified as a decisive factor in shaping young people’s creative abilities. The article also offers practical recommendations aimed at increasing youth creative activity.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРОГРАММ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ СРЕДИ ДЕТЕЙ
В данной статье представлена информация о современном значении стоматологической профилактической программы и её специфических особенностях. Также рассмотрена важность проведения профилактических мероприятий среди детей и внедрения у них навыков здорового образа жизни. В данной статье рассмотрена актуальность стоматологических профилактических программ среди детей, их значимость в формировании здорового образа жизни и предупреждении стоматологических заболеваний. Освещены методы санитарно-просветительной работы, направленные на привитие детям гигиенических навыков, а также роль педагогов, медицинских работников и родителей в реализации профилактических мероприятий. Особое внимание уделено необходимости раннего формирования полезных привычек, правильной гигиены полости рта и укреплению ответственности за собственное здоровье.
ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ГИНГИВИТА У ДЕТЕЙ ПОДРОСТКОВОГО ВОЗРАСТА
В данной статье причины заболевания условно можно разделить на внешние и внутренние. К внутренним причинам гингивита относятся заболевания органов пищеварения, снижение защитных функций организма, снижение уровня общего и местного иммунитета, эндокринные заболевания, недостаток витаминов, ортопедические аномалии (патология жевательных зубов, рост зубов ).
prevention without exogenous drugs in three articles. In this case, patients are instructed to intensively chew solid food, maintain oral hygiene, limit carbohydrates, and replace sugar with Rational prosthetics.
THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS OF CHILDREN RAISED IN SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES
This article examines the socialization process of children raised in single-parent families and its impact on social development. The study analyzes the role of the family in upbringing, difficulties youth face in acquiring social roles, emotional stability, access to social resources, and opportunities for children from single-parent households to integrate into society. Additionally, it considers the influence of socialization on personal and professional development, social stability, and the efficient use of social resources. The research emphasizes the importance of family policy, education, and community institutions in supporting socialization.
LACUNA UNITS IN MEDICAL DISCOURSE: REASONS OF CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH-UZBEK TRANSLATION
Medical translation is a critical domain where precision and clarity are paramount. However, linguistic and cultural lacunae—terms, concepts, or expressions present in one language but absent in another—pose significant challenges for translators. This study examines lacuna units in medical discourse, focusing on English-to-Uzbek translation. Using a corpus-based approach and analysis of authentic medical texts, this research identifies key lacuna units, explores their types (cultural, lexical, and conceptual), and proposes strategies for accurate translation. Findings aim to enhance understanding of cross-linguistic gaps in medical translation and contribute to improving communication in healthcare settings.
THE IMPORTANCE AND URGENCY OF ENSURING FIRE SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
This article discusses fire safety threats in industrial facilities and the measures to eliminate them. The main fire safety threats identified in the article include electrical systems, technological processes, heat sources, flammable and explosive materials, non-compliance with fire safety regulations, mechanical damages, and natural phenomena. In addition, the requirements for fire extinguishing systems in industrial facilities, the importance of using modern technologies, and training employees are also emphasized. The article also highlights the advantages and necessity of using automated fire extinguishing systems. As a result, the importance of properly selected, installed, and regularly maintained fire extinguishing systems in minimizing fire risks and ensuring safety in industrial facilities is underscored.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE MONITORING OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION AND SAFETY LEVEL OF THE TUPALANG RESERVOIR DAM AND ADVANCE PREDICTION OF EMERGENCY RISKS
The article examines the stability of hydraulic structures through a case study of the Tupolang reservoir dam in Surkhandarya region, based on scientifically grounded practical research on the strength of the dam foundation. Issues related to ensuring the reliability of the reservoir dam by conducting continuous monitoring of the dam body, assessing its condition, taking prompt measures in case of risks, and automating field observations are discussed.
COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF ANKYLOGLOSSIA AND LABIAL FRENULUM ANOMALIES: A PEDIATRIC APPROACH
Ankyloglossia and labial frenulum anomalies are among the most frequently encountered oral soft tissue abnormalities in pediatric patients, often leading to breastfeeding difficulties, impaired speech development, malocclusion, and compromised oral hygiene. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent long-term functional and developmental complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, classification, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria of lingual and labial frenal anomalies in children. Furthermore, various management strategies, including conservative approaches, surgical techniques such as frenotomy and frenuloplasty, and postoperative rehabilitation protocols are discussed. Emphasis is placed on multidisciplinary collaboration involving pediatricians, pediatric dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, and speech therapists to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. The review highlights current evidence-based practices and underscores the importance of individualized patient-centered care in the management of ankyloglossia and labial frenulum anomalies.
Muhammad¬yahyo G‘ulomqodirovich Teshaboyev
IMPROVING STUDENTS' INFORMATION COMPETENCE THROUGH THE USE OF VISUAL PROGRAMMING TOOLS
This article examines the potential for developing students' information literacy through the use of visual programming tools (Scratch, App Inventor, Blockly). It is demonstrated that a visual environment promotes algorithmic thinking, problem-solving skills, digital literacy, and creativity. The study's results confirm the effectiveness of visual programming in increasing student motivation and simplifying the understanding of technological processes.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC TRANSLATION
This article delves into the distinctions between professional translation and academic translation (typically associated with scholarly work, research, and literary translation within an academic context). It examines the varying objectives, target audiences, linguistic approaches, ethical considerations, and required skill sets that differentiate these two domains. By highlighting these key differences, the article aims to provide a clearer understanding for translators, clients, and students about the specific demands and best practices within each field.
Hasanova Sevinch Hotam qizi Umarqulova Gulshoda Ibrohimovna Toshboyeva Bibinur Komil qizi
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОИНВАЗИВНОЙ ХИРУРГИИ В ПЕДИАТРИИ
Современная педиатрическая хирургия активно внедряет малоинвазивные методы как безопасную и эффективную альтернативу традиционным открытым операциям. В данной статье рассматриваются основные современные тенденции развития малоинвазивной хирургии у детей, включая применение лапароскопии, торакоскопии, робот‑ассистированных вмешательств и эндоскопии. Освещаются преимущества малоинвазивных подходов — уменьшение травматичности, ускорение послеоперационного восстановительного периода и снижение осложнений. Анализируются результаты внедрения данных технологий в педиатрических клиниках и обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшего внедрения инноваций для повышения качества хирургической помощи детям.
ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОСТРОГО ГЕМАТОГЕННОГО ОСТЕОМИЕЛИТА В ДЕТСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ
В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к хирургическому лечению острого гематогенного остеомиелита у детей. Обсуждаются показания к оперативному вмешательству, используемые методы, преимущества малоинвазивных и традиционных хирургических техник, а также эффективность комплексного подхода с учетом антимикробной терапии и реабилитации. Основное внимание уделено особенностям течения заболевания в детском возрасте, методам диагностики и минимизации осложнений.
FEATURES OF RECOGNIZING A CITIZEN AS MISSING AND DECLARING A CITIZEN DECEASED UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS
This article examines the legal features of recognizing a citizen as missing and declaring him or her deceased under modern conditions. Based on the provisions of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the study identifies key theoretical and practical challenges in the application of this legal institution. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness of search measures, the ambiguity of the concept of an “interested person,” the insufficient protection of creditors’ rights, and the lack of legal clarity in the mechanism of trust management of the missing person’s property. In addition, the article critically analyzes procedural obstacles to the restoration of property rights when a person declared deceased later returns. The study proposes scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at improving civil legislation and enhancing the protection of property rights.
Сaptain Mamadjonov Temurali Barotjon o’g’li,